Recirculating square boiler



March 11, 1958 B. w. MANDELBURG RECICULATING SQUARE BOILER 4Sheets-Shea?l l Filed Dec. 4, 1952 ll f Irl INVENToR. fA/ED/C W./fMA/f/.EURG

March 11, 1958 B. w. MANDELBURG 2,826,182

' RECIRCULATING SQUARE BOILER Filed Dec. 4, 1952 4 sheets-sheet 2INVENTOR.

E/VED/CT W M/VDE/.BI/RG TTORNEY B. W.. MANDELBURG RECIRCULATING SQUAREBOILER March 11, 1958 4 .sheets-sheet s l Filed Dec. 4, 1952 March 11,1958 B. w. MANDELBURG 2,826,182

RECIRCULATING SQUARE BorLER Filed Deo. 4, 1952 4 sheets-sheet 4 .3INVENTOR.

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27 #Trae/wey 2,826,182 RECIRCULATING 'SQUARE BOILER;k

Benedct.W.` Mantlelburg, Scarsdale, N. lY.,`jassignor 4to ManvilleBoiler Co., New York, N fY., incorporation f New YorkApplicationDecemher 4,-1952, Serial No.; 324,040 i,

5 Claims. (Cl.122=155)'A This invention'relatesto a tubelessrecirculatingvwater heatingrboilcr construction.

v It is an object of `the `present yinventionrto provide a tubelessrecirculating water boiler f construction rwherein the boilerv will havehigh' recirculatingz action .causing instant and forceful 'water`movementffromthe bottom in onepath offlow` to the top ofthe-boileriandreturning fromthe top of the boiler tothepointf;ofbeginning through another pathv of flow; and^whereiny the lowerareabeing-at the point of exit of the gasesto the chimney fitting., andwithout having-any `large top` chamber or any other` .section of theflue travel of-fgreater, space; thans required, and wherein -the uetravel will have. at least a, pluralityrof serpentinedluepassageswhichallow for: high. absorption of the heat bythescrubbingeffect of hotY gasesafter leaving the, fire chamber and...astheyy pass through theproperly proportionedand constantly di-wminishingsectional area ofrthe fluetravel.

Itvisfanother objectof the. inventiontoprovidea tubelessrecirculatingwater heatingboilen wherein the gases are .allowed to,by-pass iny small` quantitiesgthe.,passages tovteliminate any tendencyof the. gases,to;stratify in the ueatravel and.- to eliminator anypossibilityr of back pressure inthe iireb-oxandflue;

It is; anotherobject of the inventionftoi provides. .tubelessirecirculating: water heating t boiler. c which allows r:fore fullIexpansion of :the: ame and gasesv andA has reifective t scrubbingandwipingactionvover all pof thenheat-absorbing surfaces andvwherebyaasmooth and;qniet flowvof gases through the boiler is had.

Otherf objects :of theinvention-f` areV to provider .a tubelessfrecirlculating heating boiler: havingsthe.; above `objectsimmind',:fwhichwis of simpleconstruction,A welded Pinto one piecegfis`without tubes toclog,clean 'or replace, has a=min irnumf number ofparts, inexpensive to manufacture; compact; durable, easy to install;lowchimneyg temperature, low-v fuel consumption, fast heating economy;and efficient irroperation.v

For other `objects and for abetter understanding/of jthe invention,referencemaybe hadjtothefollowing ,detailed description, taken inYconjunction with .the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figuretl is a perspectiveviewofthe `boilerrwiththe burner,` and-Loutercasing.` orf ackeLattached fand', with t portions of-T. the; outer`casinggandrfof the-boiler brokerr` nited States Patent C) ICC away inyseveral places to show the'interioreconstruction thereof;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectionalyiewvtakenffgenerallyon` line 2-2 ofFig. 1;,

Fig. 3 is ,a fragmentary;vertical` sectional view taken online 3 3 ofFig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a .perspective :view `of one Ofthetransverse4water-,containing llue battles` and: showing. notches cut.` away toallow for the by-pass of smallpquantitiesof the.

re llame and gases in order to disturb; andrprevent stratification ofthe gases asthey passthroughthezili'lezA and .to relievepressures-,thatrnay` developin the y:flue or fireV chamber resultingfromtvaryingxdraft conditions;`

Fig. 5 =is a fragmentarysectionaljview showing .a water.,-deilectingportion on one. of therwaterbafesxandas.-

viewed on line 5--5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary perspective .View offthe .boiler structure with`thetop and 4other portionsbroken .away to show the interiorconstruction thereof and the manner4 in which the water passes upwardlythrough` water-con taining flue baies and returns to thebottom of theboiler;

Fig; 7 `is a fragmentary `vertical `sectional. view-.staken generallyIon line 7-7 ofFig. 6;

Fig.y 8 is a fragmentary verticalsectional-,viewutaken generally online8- -8 of Fig. 6;

Fig; 9 -isa `horizontal` sectional viewtaken generally lon line 9-9. ofFig. 6.

Referring to the -gures, `15 represents the` boiler structure whichembodies the features of the-present inf ventiony and to which there isconnected a fuelburner 16. This burner extends `through the sidev 'ofthe ,boiler structure at the bottornthereofandrlelivers` the flame`tothe boilerstructure. Surrounding the boiler vstructure 15, andtheburner 16 is an outercasingor jacket 17.

Thetboiler structure 15 comprises generally an outer shell 1S, an innershell 19 inwardlyspaced from the outer shell to provide a `water spacebetween the shells,

transverse fiat water-containing flue bailles 2), 21, 22and and passthrough theboiler structure in a serpentinemanner, making several passesbetween theV transverse water jackets randthe top of the; inner'shell inorder `to reachthe chimneynoutlet- 24. The'passages `narrowas4 theheatis .absorbed from the gases so that the full .scrubbing action ofthepassing gases is effected.` The gases `contract as` they give up'rtheirheat and require less .conducting space as `they near the outlet.any-part of.y the `flue ltravel `space be greater than necessary`tocontain the reduced volume of the gases, thek heatytransfernof the:remaining gases would be lessened and the eliciency of :the boiler atthat Vpoint is proportionately decreased.n Metal ins-,the boiler which`is not' effectively vabsorbing heatis wasted material.l There is, no;large chamber near the chimney outlet inthe present construction. Thechimneyfoutlet 24 extends from ther inner; shell 19 and isan.-integral-.part of the boiler` structurer Whilethe, outer shell v1%extends the full height of the boiler in order `to `include theirechamber, the inner shell 19'extends upwardly from the top of the`lire-clay26 of the rewchamb'er. Ailbottom piecel27"closes oifjwaterchamberspace 128 lying between the two shells'18 Sand 19;A

Onythe front ofthegboilerlstructure thereris water space f 2S which iswiderthanat-.the tbackandother sides ofthe boilerrso ,that'naturaland-.tunrestricted owaofi the .waten The Should on returning tothe bottom of the boiler structure is eiected. On the rear of the boilerthere is a narrow and restricted illm of water as indicated at 29through which little, if any water can circulate, either upwardly ordownwardly. The water maintained in this space is merely for the purposeof preventing the burning of the inner and outer shells and is anexpansion space, if rcquired. At the top of the boiler structure is arelatively large water expansion space 30 in which all of the water isdirected. A domestic hot water coil 31 is located in this hightemperature water zone. This water coil has inlet and outlet fittings 32and 33.

The inner shell 19 comprises two side plates 34 and 35 between which thewater-containing flue bailles 20, 21, 22 and 23 extend and which arevertically spaced with respect to each other. These side plates areconnected together at the front of the boiler by a front plate 36 and atthe rear of the boiler by a rear plate 37. The top of the inner shell 19is closed by a top plate 38. The lower transverse water baille is shapedas shown in Fig. 4 and can bc made from one piece or from parts weldedtogether. It is open at the ends and extends through openings in theside plates 34 and 35 to the edges of which it is welded in. awatertight manner. The transverse baille Zilis rounded at the rear edgeas indicated at 39 and is made from ilat stock bent and rolled, and theforward edge of the transverse baille is made by turning up one end ofthe plate. as at 39 and overlapping the other end of the plate toprovide a notched projection 40 having notches or openings 41 therein.The notches 4l provide an escape for a small stream of llame and gasesso as to disturb stratification of the gases as they pass through themain ilue travel space about the baille 20 as at 22a. The greaterportion of the flame and gases Will surround the rounded end 39 of thebaille 2G to start their serpentine passage through the boiler. A smallpart of the llame will pass through the notches 41 of the baille 2i).The baille 2i) is tilted upwardly and transversely of the boiler fromthe water starting point.

The ilue baille 21 is formed similar to the baille 20, but is reverselymounted so that its notches as indicated at 42 will lie at the rear ofthe boiler to permit some escape of the gases at the location throughthe baille 21 and without having to follow the main path forwardly underthe baille 21 and about its end 43 to create a turbulence .and disturbthe stratification of the gases. The gases on passing about the end 43of the baille 21 will pass over the top of the baille 21 and throughspace 21a, but some will escape through notches 44 in the baffle 22spaced above the baflle 21. The baille 21 is tilted upward andtransversely of the boiler from the opposite side of the boiler. Thebaille 22 is tilted transversely and in the same manner as baille 20 istilted. Escape of the gases through the notches 41, 42 and 44 willprevent stratification of the gases within the boiler and will relieveback pressure throughout the boiler. The gases on rounding the point 43of the baille 21 will travel rearwardly through flue travel space 21aand will turn and move upwardly over rounded portion d5 of the baille 22and forwardly over the top thereof and through space 22a. The gases willmove about rounded end 46 of the transverse water baille 23 and willmove over the top thereof through a narrow top space 23a and rearwardlyto the chimney outlet 24. A deilecting baille plate 47 is inclineddownwardly from the rear edge of the transverse baflle 23 so as toprevent any escape of gases directly to the chimney outlet 24 from space22a without rounding the rounded end 46 of the transverse water baille23. The water baille 23 is tilted transversely and in the same manner asbaille 21.

The transverse water bailles 21 and 22 are constructed similarly to thetransverse water baille 2i) as shown in Fig. 4, but are mountedalternately within shell 19. The ilue travel spaces 20a, 21a, 22a and23a make up a serpentine path for the upward and outward travel towardthe chimney outlet 24. These spaces are of diminishing size from the rechamber to the outlet 24 for the spaces that otherwise prevent gas flowover the full extent of the due travel surfaces. The vertical heights ofthe spaces are diiferent as will be noted in Fig. 2.

The space 20a is of greater height than the height of the upper space23a. Because the bailles are tilted from side to side, as the gasestravel through the ilue spaces from the front to the rear and from therear to the front and so on until they reach the chimney outlet, theywill also sweep diagonally from side to side while continuing forwardlyand backwardly through the ilue passages, thus increasing the length andtime of travel of the bulk of the gases and effectiveness of thescrubbing action of the gases upon the heat absorbing surfaces in theilue travel spaces.

The transverse baille 20 has a downwardly curved water deilectingportion 48 for directing the water from the starting point at one sideof the boiler into the space within the water baille 2i). This waterpasses transversely through the baille 20 and upwardly as the baille 20is inclined in this manner, as shown in Fig. 3, and upon reaching theend of the baille 20 is directed upwardly by an upwardly curveddeilecting portion 52 into the water space at the opposite side of theboiler. The water travel then is directed upwardly until it reaches adownwardly curved deilecting portion 53 of the water baille 21.Thereafter, the water passes through the transverse baille 21 which isinclined in the reverse direction from the baflle 20, as shown in Fig.3. On the op posite end of the transverse baille 21 is an upwardlycurved deilecting portion 54 which causes the water to move upwardlythrough the water space at that side of the boiler. This water will uponmoving upwardly be again deilected by a downwardly curved deilectingportion 5S of the transverse baffle 22 which is inclined similar to thelower baille 20 so that the water will pass through the baille 22 andupwardly to the opposite side of the boiler where it will again bedirected upwardly by an upwardly curved deilecting portion 56. The waterthen moves upwardly again at that side of the boiler and will engage adeecting portion 57 of a transverse water baille 23 which is inclinedsimilar to the transverse baille 21. The water then passes through thistransverse baille 23 until it reaches the opposite end thereof where itwill be deflected again upwardly by a deilecting portion 58 thereof andinto the water expansion space 30 which contains the domestic hot watercoil 31. As the water in this space 30 is chilled by the use of thedomestic hot water coil and passes forwardly over the top plate 38 ofthe inner shell structure 19, the cooled water will then pass downwardlyas shown by arrows in Fig. 6 into the space 28 at the front of theboiler. This space 28 is large and unrestricted, and accordingly thebulk of the cooled water will fall in this direction and pass by anaquastat 28a which is an electrical control to start the burner 16 toreheat the water for recirculation. There will still remain some waterin the small narrow and restricted space 29 in order to prevent burningof the shell plates.

The front plate 37 has a vertically extending side extension 61 whichextends from the top edge of the front plate 37 down to the elevation ofthe curved deflecting portion 48 of the transverse baille 20, leaving aspace 62 thereunder through which the water can be directed toward thedeflecting portion 48 to provide for recirculation of the chilled waterand prevents the water from mixing with water in other spaces at thatside of the boiler.-

At the opposite side of the front plate 37 there is a verticallyextending extension 63 which extends downwardly to a point near thebottom plate 27 of the boiler structure. This extension 63, Fig. 6, willprohibit any passage of water from the unrestricted space 28 at thefront of the boiler toward the opposite side of the boiler. A smallspace 64 is left under the extension 63 to allow asaeftsat forliushingjall;4 of-;the water vfrom the boiler-fordraining,A

Purposes.

Thetrear-platef 36:f-has side extensions -65 t and 66 which'rextenddownwardly= 'to'Y distances slightly above Y the botpassage and"circulation of water through the narrow restricted-spaceq29 at the/rearof -the-boiler. These Vspaces under'thel `extensions 65- and 66aareindicated at 67 and 68-,frespectively and;-are\sullicient to allowwatertopassthroughthe-.boilerstructure from `within the boiler and to: allowfwaterto -be drainedtrom the .boiler through a drain hinting-,70.MvCooled-water fromtthe expansion space 301-is prevented from-.passingdownthe sides of theboiler by=thefseveraldellectingfportions57; 58, and soforth, Fig.;3,- onytheseveralwaterbatlles., The return water from the;radiators returns tow the .boiler structure 15 throughaa return inletlitting^-71 at the rear of theboiler, Fig.,6, and 2 at lthe startingside-.of the boiler for recircula* Vtion -and .heatingv within theboiler.- is .connected-to top platew73 of ltheroutershell.` Asafetyvalve,orfgaugeftting:74.is also connected to the top plate 73. t

At the topi` .of ,t theouter shell vis 1 insulation-75 and at the rearof fthe outer vshell `is vertically-extending linsulation 76. Similarinsulation is provided `.on :the opposite sides of the outer shell, asindicated at 77 and 78,y Fig. 3. At the^-frfont-offthevboiler there is a.large space 79 which houses v.the-@burner 16; The casingy 17 includes atop,cover plate 80 having Ventilating openings 81.

Itsh'ouldfnowbe' apparentthat there Vhas been jprovided aftubelessrecirculating water boiler wherein the water inpassing through theboiler' is caused to circulate in `but one direction andto be returnedto a single starting"point;` The water, starting from one side of theboiler, moves in and out through. the water-containing llue bafflestovand fromthe other side andupwardlyp to the expansion-:A space inthetop of Ythe boiler andthereaften is returned by way of a freeunrestricted passage at one end of the boiler to the starting point atthe one side of the boiler. In order to confine this passage endextension baliles are provided between the inner and outer shells at theunrestricted end of the boiler, the baflie extension at the one sideextending downwardly and allowing sufcient space for the water to llowfreely thereunder to the starting point, and the baffle at the waterrestricted end of the boiler extending downwardly to allow only a slightspace merely for the purpose of draining and cleaning the boiler. At theopposite end of the boiler, there is a small restricted space betweenthe inner and outer shells merely for the purpose of containing waterand preventing the burning of the boiler walls, and it should beunderstood that there is little, if any, circulation of water throughthis restricted space.

It will further be apparent that the bafes are arranged so as to obtaina serpentine flow of gases passing upwardly therethrough and that thebaffles have openings for permitting the by-passing of the gases betweenthe passages to disturb any stratiiication of the gases therein and torelieve any back pressure within the contines of the boilers tiuetravel. The batlies are alternately spaced in opposite directions fromside to side so that the water on traversing these baies will beelevated slightly on passing through each baille and wherein the uegases will be caused to pass diagonally into the ilue passages from onecorner to the other and to thereby lengthen their travel and increasethe scrubbing etect on the heating surfaces.

While various changes may be made in the detail con struction, it shallbe understood that such changes shall be within the spirit and scope ofthe present invention, as deined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A boiler construction comprising an outer shell, an inner shelldisposed within the outer shell, said inner shell having end walls andone of the operative end walls An outlet fitting 1f72 y beingsuciently`spaced ,from the A outer yshell. to `provide-2 for?y an;vunrestrictedtwater space.. forV freei` flowVl of waterl downwardly.therebetween the other of-H said.r end.A walls i'beingfspacedfromfthefoutenfshell to provide a restricted* 1, waterpassage; said innernshell having.r side walls spacedi from. theside-walls offthezouterlshell to provide.l side water` spaces for anupward'llow ofwatertherebetween, water-.-containing-,tinebandes-.extending transversely of the border,betweenrthe sides ofthe innerv shell for. lateral' passage-fof` waterf4therebetweeny. and: baille` extensionsextending: vertically between thesides of` the'inner shell andathe outer shellfladjacent;itheffreelunrestricted spaceat the encll of the boiler to jconline thewater `;returning-tl1rough the unrestrictedspaoe1and to direct'fwaterltothebottom' of ytheffboilerandA away from-fthesides ofthe innerashellAand thereby to prohibit the mixing of v; the 4downwardly.`tlowinggwaterwithv'-the-,upwardow ofI water, said. baille .s extensionsforfthe yunrestricted@water space i running yto Va i point spaced fromthe\b01 torn` of-j'the. unrestrictedwater space lto provide openingsthrough which the. re`

turn` ywater;` may pass.v at `the bottom of themboilen tothe side/Vwater-spaces,`` and other'balle extensions extendingverticallyt-bctween'@the sidesV ofthe inner shellfy and the `sides :ofthe outer lshell adjacent th'e -restrictedwaterpassageextending.downwardly from the'ftop,I of thev inner shelltolocations near to the bottom ofthe-boiler to: provide openings?through; whiehganyV water ypassing to or f fromtgthet-restrictedspacevmayfpass -from or `to fthje side; water spaces. whereby :a smallowof- Iwatermay `befretainedainn thev yrestrictedq water passageto-preventover,-` heating :of 'the boilerl at thatend thereof.`

2. Ay boilergconstruction comprising an outer shellhaving-front;sideandfback'walls, an inner-shell fitted within theouter-`shell and-;spaced`5 from` the-walls thereofsaid inner'shell'having a-fron't wall spaced from thefront wall..l of-the;outer-shelltofpreviclevant funrestricted-` water space f for the,l free Ilow ofy{water ,returning from lthefftop `of the boiler to the bottom thereof, aWater expansion chamber above said inner shell, water-containing ueballes extending between the sides of the inner shell and cornmunicatingwith the side water spaces between the sides of the inner shell and theside walls of the louter shell, said water-containing battles lying oneabove the other and vertically spaced from each other, each of saidwater ue bales having deecting portions for directing water inwardlyinto the bale and for directing water outwardly and upwardly from thebale, said dellecting portions extending into the side water spacesbetween the sides of the inner shell and yof the outer shell whereby tocause a serpentine flow of water through the inner shell, and bailleextensions from the end wall of the inner shell and aligned with theends of the deilecting portions to prevent the liow of return water fromthe water expansion chamber at the top of the boiler from enteringdirectly the side water spaces between the sides of the inner shell andthe side walls of the outer shell, said vertical baille extensionsrunning to a point spaced from the bottom of the unrestricted waterspace to provide openings through which the return water may pass at thebottom of the boiler to the side water spaces.

3. A boiler construction, as defined in claim 2, and the wall of theinner shell opposite from the unrestricted end of the boiler beingspaced from the opposite end of the boiler providing a restricted llowof water therebetween, bafe extensions extending between the sides ofthe inner shell and the side walls of the boiler adjacent the restrictedspace and extending downwardly to a location close t-o the bottom of theboi-ler whereby to restrict the ow of water into and between saidrestricted space and a return iiow inlet pipe disposed at the one sideof the boiler for return water to the entering space for the waterreturning from the top of the boiler downwardly through the unrestrictedspace.

4. A boiler construction comprising an outer shell, an

inner shell disposed within the outer shell and closed at the top toprovide a water expansion space thereover, said inner shell having oneof its end walls sufficiently spaced from the outer shell and havingsmooth surfaces thereon to provide for an unrestricted water space forfull downward flow of return water within the boiler, said inner shellhaving side walls spaced from the sides of the outer shell to provideside water spaces for the upward ow of water therebetween, a pluralityof water containing ue battles extending transversely between the sidewalls of the inner shell for the flow of water between the side waterspaces and through the interior of the boiler, said hollow watercontaining flue bales being vertically spaced from one another inheights diminishing in amount from between the lower baffles and thebattles thereabove and between the upper bales and thev top of the innershell, a chimney opening extending from the inner shell adjacent to theminimum height spacing between the upper baffle and the top of the innershell, the sides of said bafes being alternately spaced from theopposite ends of the inner shell whereby to provide for a serpentine anddiminishing cross section area ow of the gases upwardly through theinner shell to the chimney opening, and said water containing balesbeing spaced slightly from the end of the inner shell at the sidesthereof opposite from the sides permitting the main ow of the gases intothe spaces between the bales and notched bale extensions extendingbetween these sides to permit a restricted flow of gases between the gastraversing spaces whereby to prevent stratication of the gasestraversing these spaces.

5. A boiler construction comprising an outer shell, an inner shelldisposed within the outer shell and `closed at the top to provide awater expansion space thereover, said inner shell having one of its endwalls sufficiently spaced from the outer shell and having smoothsurfacesthereon to provide for an unrestricted water space for full downward owof return water within the boiler, said inner shell having side wallsspaced from the sides of the outer shell to provide side water spacesfor the upward ow of water therebetween, a plurality of water containingilue bailles extending transversely between the side walls of the innershell for the flow of water between the side water spaces and throughthe interior of the boiler, said hollow water-containing flue baiilesbeing vertically spaced from one another in heights diminishing inamount from between the lower baies and the bales thereabove and betweenthe upper baffles and the top of the inner shell, a chimney openingextending from the inner shell adjacent to the minimum height spacingbetween the upper baille and the top of the inner shell, the sides ofsaid baffles being alternately spaced from the opposite ends of theinner shell whereby to provide for a serpentine and diminishing crosssection area ow of the gases upwardly through the inner shell to thechimney opening, said baflles being tilted from one side of the innerwall to the other side of the inner `wall and on each side of said innerwall said bailles are alternately spaced diierent distances from oneanother whereby to cause the gases to pass diagonally over thewater-containing baflles in` passing from side to side and to increasethe length and time of travel of the bulk of the gases and theeectiveness of their scrubbing action.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,077,761 Schneider Nov. 4, 1913 2,020,221 Sturgis Nov. 5, 19352,034,782 Themes Mar. 24, 1936 2,538,169 Steiner Jan. 16, 1951 2,575,723Mandelburg Nov. 20, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 2,395 Great Britain .lune 15,1878 663,985 Germany Aug. 18, 1938

